European Journal of Sustainable Development

Co – creation Approaches to Improve Conservation Efforts of African Elephant Populations in Nigeria

2024-09-29T09:46:20+02:00

Scientific sources and the IUCN reveal the decline in African Elephant populations, and new Redlist status for both the Forest and Savannah African Elephants. Efforts are ongoing to improve conservation of Forest and Savannah Elephants in Nigeria through engagement of local communities adjoining Protected Areas. This study investigates the willingness of local communities to co-create approaches that support elephants’ conservation efforts. The study was carried out in Omo Forest Reserve, South – western, Nigeria and Yankari Game Reserve, North-eastern part of the country, for forest and savannah Elephants respectively. Mixed methods of questionnaires, outreaches, and youth engagement were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using simple averages, chi-square, and ANOVA tests. The study’s findings reveal that 95.0% of participants agree that elephants should be protected. About 88.0% of the participants also agree that communities will benefit from elephant protection and 60.0% attribute the value of elephants to eco- tourism, while 45.0% for revenue generation. In addition, 41.0% of the participants have experience in co-creation approaches for wildlife conservation. Participants showed willingness and support to participate in elephant conservation efforts. Therefore, concerted efforts of co – creation approaches need to be further explored for sustainable elephant conservation efforts in Nigeria.

Key words: co-creation, elephant conservation, sustainability, local communities, biodiversity

Circular Economy in Action: Examining the Decoupling of Economic Growth and Material Use across EU Countries

2024-09-29T10:35:47+02:00

The circular economy (CE) is a transformative approach that not only preserves and reuses resources but also redefines how economic growth can be achieved in a more sustainable manner. The aim of the paper is to assess whether economic growth in EU countries can be decoupled from resource use through CE practices. Using data from Eurostat spanning 2010-2022, we analyze key indicators such as Raw material consumption (RMC), Gross domestic product (GDP) and Circular material use rate (MUR). We apply correlation analysis and decoupling analysis to assess the efficacy of CE practices in achieving sustainable economic growth. The results indicate significant variability among EU countries in their ability to decouple economic growth from resource consumption. Some countries demonstrated strong absolute decoupling, indicating successful CE integration, while others faced challenges with expansive negative decoupling. The study underscores the necessity for tailored strategies to enhance CE implementation across diverse economic contexts within the EU.

Keywords: decoupling, circular economy, raw material, circular material, GDP, EU countries

The Integration of Machine Learning in Central Banks: Implications and Innovations

2024-09-29T10:45:17+02:00

The effectiveness of using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to lessen the negative effects of economic cycles is examined in this study article. Economic cycles, which are defined by variations in the level of economic activity, present important difficulties for decision-makers in government, business, and society at large. This research investigates many approaches to reducing economic cycles, such as forecasting, policy creation, and adaptive decision-making, by utilizing AI, namely machine learning algorithms. The first section of the paper reviews the body of research on economic cycles and how artificial intelligence might be used to address them. After that, it explores certain AI methods including neural networks, time series analysis, and natural language processing, explaining how they might be used for risk management and economic forecasting. Additionally, the study investigates AI-driven policy interventions, examining how machine learning algorithms might be used to optimize monetary and fiscal policies in order to sustain growth and prevent economic downturns. The study also addresses the difficulties and constraints that come with using AI technologies in economic management, such as problems with algorithmic biases, data quality, and legal considerations. It highlights how crucial interdisciplinary cooperation and openness are to creating AI-driven solutions that are reliable, moral, and socially conscious. This research paper offers insights into the possible advantages and disadvantages of employing AI tools for damping economic cycles through empirical analysis and case studies. In order to fully realize AI's promise in fostering resilience and stability in the economy, it ends by presenting future research areas and policy suggestions.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, trend, economic cycles, resilience

Systems Thinking as a Catalyst for Climate-Cognisant Sustainable Land Use Planning: Insights from Regional Victoria, Australia

2024-09-29T12:32:50+02:00

Amidst escalating climate change challenges, effective land use planning and decision-making are crucial for nurturing resilient and sustainable landscapes. Decision-makers often struggle with unintended consequences due to the intricate system dynamics, compounded by fragmented information and divergent stakeholder perspectives. This research integrates science, stakeholder engagement, and systems thinking to navigate the complexities of land use planning in response to climate change. We develop a decision-making framework for climate-cognisant sustainable land use planning, incorporating systems thinking principles. The framework uses validated expert system models to assess climate change impacts on agricultural land use. Through collaborative engagement with end users, it is refined to address specific regional challenges and opportunities. Applied within a case study in Victoria, Australia, and generalized for broader contexts, the framework provides a practical, systemic-intervention-driven process for better regional planning decisions amid evolving climate complexities.

Keywords: Climate Change, Land Use Planning, Systems Thinking, Decision Making, Stakeholder

Engagement

Business Cycle Dynamics in the Romanian Economy: Phases and Developments

2024-09-29T12:44:24+02:00

Romania's economy is not yet sufficient / complete and competitive connected to the developed European economy and the global one. In recent economic and general political history, the political, institutional and economic changes that have taken place since 1990 in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romania, are already recognized. The article deals with the evolutionary situational stages towards the New Economy of Romania. It also describes the post-transformation horizon for achieving quasi-constant inverted levels between “tangible-intangible” for the transition to a new business cycle in the New Knowledge-Based Economy and Risk. It follows that if GDP reflects the sum of the market value of all goods and services intended for final consumption, not intermediate ones, produced in all branches of the economy within Romania within a year, by way of investigative proximity, business and cycles of manifestation of these were closely followed by dimensional evolutionary trends of similarity and aggregation with GDP. In fact, the New Knowledge-Based Economy has radically and positively changed Romania's advance towards the digitalized society, based more and more on the operationalization of intangible assets. The problem of vision, strategy and development tactics through new business cycles is found in the search for the optimal structural ratio between tangible and intangible assets (knowledge) insurers for competitiveness and sustainability.

Keywords: business cycle, Romanian economy, business, entrepreneurship, investment, new knowledge-based economy, tangible assets, intangible assets

Life Cycle Assessment of Construction Components of Schools in Southern Brazil

2024-09-29T13:08:34+02:00

Introducing energy efficiency techniques in schools can significantly reduce energy consumption, as Brazil has a large public education system. The main objective of this work was to select the set of construction components with the lowest environmental impact for use in schools in Florianópolis, southern Brazil, through life cycle assessment (LCA). Two types of walls, four types of roofs, and two types of window frames were studied. Ceramic bricks measuring 14x9x19cm and 9x19x19cm were considered for the walls. Wood and aluminium were used for the window frames, with single glass panes on all windows. For the roofs, fibre cement tiles with a PVC ceiling, a drywall ceiling, and a concrete slab were considered, as well as ceramic tiles with a PVC ceiling. Computer simulations were conducted using the EnergyPlus program in order to determine the building’s energy consumption. SimaPro was used to run the LCA. The construction of the building and one year of its energy consumption were analysed to select the combination of components with the lowest impact on the building’s life cycle. Finally, the set consisting of 9x19x19cm ceramic brick walls, wooden frames, and roof with fibre cement tiles and PVC ceiling presented the lowest environmental impact.

Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment; public schools; computer simulation; buildings; EnergyPlus; SimaPro

Motivations for ESG Investment Among Leaders in the MICE Industry

2024-09-29T13:20:28+02:00

The Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE) industry faces mounting pressure to address environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns over its environmental impact. This research investigates the driving forces behind ESG investment decisions among MICE industry leaders. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study begins with an exploratory expert interview, followed by targeted questions for focus groups involving senior industry figures. Insights from the focus group discussions inform the development of a comprehensive questionnaire, capturing key motivators identified by participants. The survey was subsequently distributed to a broader cohort of MICE industry leaders, resulting in responses from 76 individuals.

The findings highlight that leadership responsibility and the desire to inspire others are pivotal motivators for ESG investment, transcending company size and revenue. Simultaneously, external pressures—such as talent attraction and reputation enhancement—also play a significant role. However, the presence of opaque and localized regulations poses a formidable obstacle, hindering genuine commitment from all MICE industry leaders. This research contributes unique insights to this industry, and further investigation is warranted to understand motivators for ESG investment not only in the MICE industry but also in comparable growing sectors.

Keywords: Sustainability, MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Conferences, Exhibition) Industry, ESG (Environmental,

Social, Governance), Motivation, Responsible Leadership, Attracting Talent, Sustainable Reporting,

Client expectation,

EU Consumers, Renewable Energy, and Sustainable Development – An Exploratory Market-Oriented Research Approach

2024-09-29T13:40:08+02:00

The European Union countries are working to reach the truly ambitious objective of achieving a climate-neutral continent by 2050. Increasing the employment of renewable energy is one of the strategic directions promoted to fulfill this purpose. Although the socioeconomic and political context has accelerated the use of renewable energy sources, shifting to green energy raises significant challenges and generates a substantial impact both at the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels, with particular attention given to the overall behavior of the EU consumers within this transitional process.

The paper presents the results of an exploratory approach aiming to assess, based on the secondary data and from a market-oriented perspective, the relationships between the production, consumption, and share of renewable energy, the attitude of EU consumers toward renewable energy and the extent to which they are willing to consider it as a reliable alternative to the traditional energy, in connection to the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the sustainable development in the EU Member States.

Keywords: Renewable energy, EU consumers, Marketing, Sustainable development

Toward an Integrated Social-ecological Assessment of a Traditional Upland Rice-based Agroecosystem in Southern Philippines

2024-09-29T16:28:29+02:00

Located in Southern Philippines, the Sarangani traditional agroecosystem currently sits at the nexus of ecological devastation, bio-cultural erosion, and pervasive modernization. Upland farms in these remote areas are inhabited predominantly by smallholder tribal households who cultivate rice landraces using traditional farming methods. Integrated agroecosystem assessment revealed Sarangani social-ecological system (SES) components, along with connections and feedback loops that underlie their interactions. DPSIR and CCA jointly identified drivers of change in Sarangani SES, revealed its key features, and investigated the whole gamut of issues impacting it. CCA, based on an Ishikawa cause and effect diagram, identified upland poverty, tribal culture and government mismanagement as root causes of intractable problems in the Sarangani SES while DPSIR successfully gauged the suitability of responses instituted by the local government. Study results can thus be used as bases for policy/programs that will resolve problem root causes in the Sarangani SES. In addition, steps must be undertaken to mitigate the effects of climate change which has proven to be utterly devastating in these vulnerable areas. Finally, for traditional agroecosystems like the Sarangani SES, interventions that uphold human well-being while conserving tribal culture/resources and preserving the environment are therefore warranted.

Keywords: social-ecological systems, DPSIR, causal chain analysis, Sarangani, traditional agroecosystem

Beyond Growth: A Provincial-Level Assessment of the Doughnut Economy's Potential in Indonesia

2024-09-29T17:02:49+02:00

The focus on a growth-oriented development paradigm has led to unsustainable outcomes such as environmental degradation, resource depletion, increased inequality, and compromised social well-being. An alternative approach known as the Doughnut Economy has emerged, offering a new economic development model that aims to guide humanity towards staying within planetary boundaries. The Doughnut model visualizes sustainable development with an ecological ceiling as the outer limit and a social foundation as the inner boundary. This study attempts to create a Doughnut Economy Index for 34 provinces in Indonesia, categorizing them into four groups to assess how well they meet societal needs while remaining within planetary limits. The index, derived from a simple formula, yields two indices: social performance and ecological damage. The research reveals that only three out of the 34 provinces in Indonesia fall within the safe zone of the Doughnut model. Shortfall issues are prevalent in Eastern Indonesian provinces like Papua, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara Islands, while overshoot concerns are more prominent in provinces in Kalimantan and Java & Bali Islands.

Keywords: Growth-oriented paradigm, Doughnut Economy, sustainable development, regional development, Doughnut Economy Index

Climate Change Management – Legislative Challenges in the Context of Sustainability

2024-09-29T17:09:13+02:00

The research deals with problems arising out of recognising climate change and introducing climate change management in legislation in order to ensure its conformity with the needs of sustainable development.

The objective of the research is to explore the legal framework in the context of climate change management and to find out ways of its improvement in order to achieve the efficient use of natural resources, so mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and fostering the sustainable development of society.

The research has employed descriptive, analytical, deductive and inductive methods. These methods have been used to analyse laws and the opinions of legal scholars and formulate conclusions and suggestions.

Keywords: climate change, climate neutrality, climate policy, responsibility

Assessment of the Contamination of Some Food Crops Due to Mineral Deposits in Ondo State, Nigeria.

2024-09-29T17:14:45+02:00

The most valuable minerals are found in large quantities in southwest Nigeria, particularly in Ondo State. As a result of the mineral presence, several areas of Ondo State are currently connected to significant levels of naturally occurring radioactivity. If properly managed and controlled, the mineral reserves are a boon to the Nigerian government, but the risks involved in their exploration and utilization also pose a serious threat to the state. It has an impact on the resources of land, air, and water used for agriculture and human habitation. As a result, the government wants to guarantee that food security is negatively impacted. That is, the Federal government of Nigeria works to ensure that everyone has access to enough safe, nutrient-dense food. This work allowed for the prediction of likely radiological health implications by analyzing baseline radiation levels in some of the most significant food crops in Ondo State. Because they meet the majority of food's nutritional needs, maize (Zea mays), yam (Dioscorea alata), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers were gathered from the State's farmlands. The main crops grown and consumed in the communities are maize, yam, and cassava, thus these were the ones picked. Above all, there would have been additional food products including meat, vegetables, fish, and water if there hadn't been budgetary limitations. To ensure thorough coverage of the study area, Ondo State was split up into zones. The samples of maize (Zea mays), yam (Dioscorea alata), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) were dried at room temperature until they achieved a constant weight. For 28 days, they were maintained in a 1-liter Marinelli beaker after being ground, blended, and packaged in 250 g. This allowed them to reach secular equilibrium. Gamma-ray spectroscopy was utilized to ascertain the activity concentrations of Thorium-232, Potassium-40, and Radium-226 in the food samples. When measuring radioactivity concentration, the Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector is superior to other detectors in several ways, including high energy resolution, sensitivity, peak shape, stability, minimal background noise, and high accuracy. Nevertheless, HPGe detectors are more costly, necessitate liquid nitrogen, and are more vulnerable to radiation harm. To calibrate the Hyper Pure Germanium detector, standard radioactive sources were first used. Every sample was subjected to a 10-hour gamma counting process at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife. In yam, the mean activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were 1.91 ± 0.10 Bq/kg, 2.34 ± 0.21 Bq/kg, and 48.84 ± 3.14 Bq/kg, in that order. For Th-232, 2.19 ± 0.07 Bq/kg, Ra-226, and K-40, the mean value of the radionuclide content in maize was 2.83 ± 0.21 Bq/kg, 2.19 ± 2.16 Bq/kg, and 2.19 respectively. In cassava, the mean activity concentrations for Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were 2.52 ± 0.31 Bq/kg, 1.94 ± 0.21 Bq/kg, and 45.12 ± 3.31 Bq/kg each. In zones six through eight, the average committed effective doses for yam eating were 0.55 µSv/y, for maize it was 0.39 µSv/y, and for cassava, it was 0.49 µSv/y. The yearly dosage recommendation for the general public, which is 0.35 µSv/y, is exceeded by these figures. Therefore, the results of this work's values indicate that some foods consumed in particular areas of Ondo State are contaminated radioactively. However, as gamma-emitting radionuclides are significant contributors to human internal exposure by ingestion, inhalation, or bodily wounds, we advise that systematic and suitable procedures also need to be devised for the monitoring of these radionuclides by NESREA. To keep an eye on and evaluate the environmental state of Nigeria's mining sites and industrial operations, the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) was founded by the Federal government. The federal agency is keeping an eye on the mining exploration and exploitation activities in the states of Kogi, Zamfara, Osun and same could also be applied to Ondo State

Keywords: Exploration, Radiation, Health, Mineral, Spectroscopy. Gamma-Rays

Balancing Economic, Environmental, and Technological Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Romania

2024-09-29T17:18:42+02:00

The aim of this research is to ascertain and evaluate the optimal equilibrium in the interaction of four critical systems: social, economic, technological and environmental. This will enable a functional process that is both dynamic and adaptable within the context of long-term sustainable development. The research centers on significant enduring obstacles, such as the expansion of the global population, strain on natural resources, and global warming, which establish a fresh framework for necessary measures to attain this equilibrium.

The research methodology employed in this study encompasses an extensive examination of existing literature, along with the analysis of case studies and statistical data. The objective is to evaluate the influence of demographic and environmental factors on agriculture and rural regions. The analysis centers on the following factors: worldwide population growth, urbanization, escalating energy and fertilizer costs, strain on water resources, and the heightened susceptibility of crops and livestock to climate change. The study also analyzes the European Union's policies and strategies designed to address these challenges by promoting food security, sustainable resource management, and equitable territorial development.

The primary conclusions of the study suggest that while there is a persistent rise in the worldwide demand for food, the availability of food is constrained by various crucial factors. The factors encompassed in this context comprise of accelerated urbanization, escalating energy and fertilizer expenses, heightened strain on water resources, and augmented susceptibility of agriculture to climate change. Europe faces amplified challenges due to its aging population, impacting both the availability of agricultural workforce and the need for food.

This research contributes to the comprehension of the necessity for an all-encompassing and enduring approach in agricultural and rural development policy. The study emphasizes the intricate relationship among economic, environmental, human, and technological factors. It underscores the significance of a cohesive and flexible strategy to address long-term challenges and maintain a sustainable equilibrium between economic growth, environmental preservation, and human welfare.

Keywords: agriculture, sustainable development, production, Romania

The Lifestyle of Indigenous People from the Perspective of Sustainability. The example of an Aeta tribe in the Philippines

2024-09-29T17:24:57+02:00

Since sustainability and climate crises have become topics of worldwide concern, at times the lifestyle of self-sufficient indigenous peoples (IP) has drawn attention and been taken into consideration as a model of sustainable living. Questioning to what extent this might work and what factors might be limiting it we visited a community of self-sufficient Aeta peoples in the Philippines carrying out expert interviews in- and outside of the community.

What turned out most threatening and damaging to their sustainable lifestyle are efforts to involve them into the market system aiming to “support their development”. Certainly, this should not suggest IPs continuing to live as the world’s poorest but rather to reconsider our standards of “poor” and “rich” and pursue the aim of giving all people the chance to live a “rich life” in a more comprehensive sense.

Keywords: Sustainable communities, indigenous people, poverty, development, social work

Pseudomonas alloputida and Pseudomonas taiwanensis in a process of degradation of polymer materials

2024-09-29T17:28:31+02:00

The literature indicates that the source of microorganisms with the potential of polymer biodegradation may be in particular anthropogenically degraded areas such as landfills, contaminated areas of former factories and processing plants. These environments often contain polymer waste, especially in the form of microplastics. Biodegradation is a significant microbiological process in which bacteria or fungi with hydrolytic activity are essential. Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most commonly used biodegradable polymer materials. Its biodegradation in mesophilic conditions is difficult due to too low temperature. In order to improve and accelerate this process, microorganisms that can be effective in mesophilic biodegradation of PLA were selected. Isolated environmental bacteria, Pseudomonas alloputida and Pseudomonas taiwanensis, were identified as high hydrolytic towards complex organic compounds and polymer materials. They accelerate the degradation of PLA, as demonstrated by the results of infrared Fourier analysis (FTIR-ATR), SEM-EDX microscopic analysis and physico-mechanical values. Obtained results indicate the application potential of the tested bacteria to significantly decrease soil and compost contamination.

Keywords: biodegradation, polylactide, hydrolytic activity, environmental bacteria

The influence of AI Anxiety and Neuroticism in Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence

2024-09-29T17:46:12+02:00

This paper examines the impact of AI anxiety and neuroticism on attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) through a quantitative approach. With the pervasive integration of AI technologies across diverse domains like social media platforms, smart devices, healthcare, and education, gaining insight into how individuals perceive and engage with AI becomes essential. A sample of 197 participants (32 males, and 165 females) completed surveys assessing their levels of AI anxiety, neuroticism, and attitudes toward AI. The data were collected via Google Forms using the following structured questionnaires: Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIA), Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (AIAS-4), and Neuroticism Scale. The findings indicate significant negative correlations between AI anxiety (r=-.286, p<.01), neuroticism (r=-.196, p<.01), and attitudes toward AI, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of AI anxiety and neuroticism are inclined towards adopting more skeptical viewpoints regarding AI technologies. Moreover, the AI anxiety subscales (learning, r=-.152, p<.05; job replacement, r=-.257, p<.01; sociotechnical blindness, r=-.302, p<.01, and AI configuration, r=-.256, p<.01) also showed negative significant correlations with the attitudes toward AI. At the same time, neuroticism showed significant positive correlations with the composite score of AI anxiety (r=.301, p<.01) and all its subscales (learning, r=.219, p<.01; job replacement, r=.250, p<.01; sociotechnical blindness, r=.226, p<.01, and AI configuration, r=.277, p<.01). Understanding the role of AI anxiety and neuroticism in shaping attitudes toward AI can inform the development of strategies to mitigate negative perceptions and foster more positive attitudes toward AI technologies

Keywords: artificial intelligence, anxiety, neuroticism, mediation

Human Morality and Sustainability: Insights from The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri

2024-09-29T17:55:55+02:00

In this paper it is argued that the root cause of the environmental crisis is the moral condition of mankind. Over-indulgence, over-consumption and a desire for material wealth and possessions, far in excess of what is needed for survival and comfort, callous use of technology to overexploit the land and seas for profit, lack of diligence in addressing threats to the environment, and the tendency towards aggressive conflict, all contribute towards the decimation of natural eco-systems. Moral improvement is therefore considered as a possible pathway towards sustainability. The impact of human morality upon the environment is examined using the system of capital vices and virtues. Particular reference is given to The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri, which provides profound insight into the human condition. The capital vices are shown to play a significant part in the decline of the environment by driving mankind's overconsumption and overindulgence, while cultivation of the capital virtues is shown to provide a pathway of moral improvement allowing human beings to live responsibly and in greater harmony with the planet. Embracing these moral virtues can provide a necessary course correction for human beings today so that we can build upon the successes of our past and thrive as one species sharing the planet with other species and securing a sustainable future.

Keywords: morality, ethics, sustainable development, The Divine Comedy, moral philosophy.

Narratives Behind Climate Strategy in Finland

2024-09-29T18:02:12+02:00

The 2015 Paris Agreement (PA) represents a profound change in global climate governance becoming a blueprint for other governance arenas. However, the varying success of reaching the national climate targets, unstable security, and growing right-wing populism poses a question of which direction the EU climate policy is moving after ten years of PA. The success of this agreement depends heavily on the effectiveness of national climate change policies wherein political parties have a critical role in developing these policies while also impacting public attitudes on climate change.

We use the case of Finnish climate strategy as a case of national climate strategy. We analyzed Finnish climate policy documents by using Ostrom’s IAD Framework and Multiple stream framework analysis to create the narratives behind the Finnish climate strategy. The Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD) is a conceptual tool that Ostrom and her colleagues developed to analyze and understand the complex interactions and dynamics within institutions that govern common-pool resources. Our research question is: What are the narratives behind the Finnish climate strategy?

Key words: Climate strategy, narrative, IAD framework, Multiple stream analysis framework

Inflation in Romania: Causes, Effects, and Targeting Strategies

2024-09-29T18:16:02+02:00

Inflation is based on numerous partial causes, from the correlation of which the inflationary process results. elected, it will be shown what losses the company will suffer because it fired a person without notice, especially when he was on vacation. In this paper, we will follow the fact that inflation has a fixed increase, this being indexed and calculated at the level of Romania, by the National Institute of Statistics, to calculate the salary and commission due for the injured employee. In specialized literature, inflation is expressed in monetary terms by the fact that the prices of services and goods increase, and the purchasing power of a mounting unit decreases.

Keywords: demand, cost, finance, inflation, Romania

Disaster management of COVID-19: A study of India

2024-09-29T18:29:22+02:00

COVID-19 capsulated the whole world in a dangerous loop of death and crippled the transformative capacity of science and technology to save the mankind. Law, once monopolized by man, was soon hijacked by the law of nature and the only remedy available was to draw boundaries (in form of lockdown). Legislative measures, medical facilities, and vaccine drives altogether helped in timely control of COVID-19; however, the world statistical data is evident of the fact that few countries were able to manage COVID-19 very well in contrast to others. It is true that no country was prepared for COVID-19 and neither was India, however, India objectified the interpretation of its existing legislations purposefully to control the spread of COVID-19. The objective of this article is to narrate the best practices adopted by India which helped in timely control of COVID-19 and finally suggest guidelines to control such pandemics in future.

Keywords: COVID-19, Disaster Management, Drugs, Lockdown, Vaccines.

Integrating Blue-Green Infrastructure strategies to enhance climate resilience in Colombia.

2024-09-29T18:35:23+02:00

Colombia is a tropical developing country that faces frequent and unpredictable flood events. Previous efforts to mitigate the impacts of flood have revolved around traditional approaches like the construction of levees. However, as seen in other parts of the world, levees often make flooding worse. Considering the increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather associated with a changing climate, it is clear there is a pressing need for more effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events. However, poor data availability makes understanding flood risk and developing new approaches a difficult task.

This research examines the feasibility of Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) as a nature-based methodological approach to deal with flooding focuses, focusing on the Guarapas River and Pitalito town, in regional Colombia. Utilizing PCSWMM as a modelling tool, the study demonstrates the applicability of BGI in reducing peak flow. Validating the model proved difficult given the substantial gaps in official data sources. So, it was necessary to use proxies such as social media posts of flood events, to determine the date and severity of flood events in the town.

The analysis revealed that deploying a limited number of BGI elements can mitigate the adverse effects of floods in a cost-effective manner, and that the underpinning modelling could be carried out using data proxies such as local news reports and social media posts. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on BGI as a valuable solution for flood management in a changing climate but does so in a developing country context. By showcasing the feasibility of BGI in reducing peak flow and enhancing resilience in a region with limited data resources, this study shows that it is possible for developing countries to move away from traditional and sometimes increasingly ineffective solution. Barriers to adoption are still significant. But nature-based solutions to flooding represent a new, proactive measure in addressing the challenges posed by climate change, with implications for policymakers and stakeholders involved in sustainable planning.

Keywords: Blue-Green Infrastructure, Climate change, Sustainable development, Developing countries, Water management.

Effect of Rural Banditry on Food Security and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

2024-09-29T18:41:21+02:00

This research investigates how rural banditry hinders sustainable food security and poverty reductions in Nigeria. The Food and Agricultural Organisation, the International Monetary Fund, the National Bureau of Statistics, the United Nations Development Programme, scholarly journals, and field surveys were the sources from which the data were gathered. Three hundred questionnaires were administered to farmers in six states via Plateau, Nassarawa, Kaduna, Benue, Oyo and Niger, in addition to a focused group discussion with selected farmers in each of the study areas. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that unemployment, poverty, poor governance, inadequate infrastructure, insufficient security measures and lack of effective institutional coordination, create a network of individuals who support or engage in banditry; farmers experienced disruptions in farming activities, psychological distresses and loss of livestock. Among the socio-economic impacts of banditry include: loss of income and economic opportunities, displacement and migration of the rural population, reduced productivity and infrastructural degradation. These led to food shortages, hikes in food prices, malnutrition and increased poverty level in Nigeria. This study emphasizes the urgent need by the federal and state governments to tackle the problems of unemployment and poverty; develop infrastructure; increase security expenditure; and implement targeted rural development policies. These solutions will curb rural banditry, ensure food security and reduce poverty in Nigeria.

Keywords: Rural Banditry, food security, poverty reduction, food production, development policies, farmers.

Renewable energy - a key element in achieving a sustainable development for the European Union

2024-09-29T18:44:41+02:00

Sustainable development (SD) represents a growth approach that tries to maintain a social, economic and environmental balance. SD aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. For a sustainable development, a key element is represented by renewable energy (RE). The use of RE on an increasingly large scale brings with it a series of advantages and positively influences aspects such as resource conservation, air and water quality improvement, climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, etc. Realization of RE through different ways such as wind energy, solar power, hydropower, etc. and by combining them, European citizens can take an important step in realizing a more sustainable and renewable energy future. The article presents a data mining analysis on the use of RE in EU countries, taking into account the share of industry use such as heating and cooling, transport and electricity. The results of the analysis aim to identify countries that show a similar behavior from the point of view of the use of RE. Based on them, policies and strategies at the EU level can be founded.

Keywords: renewable energy, sustainable development, European Union, data mining

Exploring Ethical and Emotional Dimensions of Customer Value in Financial Services through Employee-Customer Dynamics

2024-10-01T09:22:56+02:00

This study focuses on exploring the ethical and emotional dimensions of customer perceived value (CPV) in financial services. This area is crucial to understanding customer dynamics within the finances sector, yet it remains underexplored in existing literature. Utilizing a quantitative analysis of 652 customer surveys from Canadian financial institutions, this research employs SmartPLS3 for structural equation modeling to ascertain the impacts of frontline employee job satisfaction on customer's ethical and emotional perceptions as well as their overall CPV. The data analysis reveals that customer-perceived employee job satisfaction positively affects CPV by significantly influencing ethical and emotional benefits. Although ethical benefits alone do not directly impact loyalty or word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations, their influence is significant when mediated through CPV, with emotional benefits directly amplifying WOM and indirectly boosting loyalty. Correspondingly, the results highlight the importance of employee-centric policies and their direct correlation to customer loyalty and satisfaction. As such, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by linking employee satisfaction with ethical and emotional customer benefits, suggesting a reevaluation of business practices to integrate these dimensions for enhanced customer value creation. Future research is encouraged to explore these dynamics across varied contexts to expound upon these relationships' applicability and robustness. Our inquiry into the subject concludes by highlighting the strategic importance of fostering employee satisfaction when seeking to elevate CPV and achieve enduring customer loyalty.

Keywords: Customer Perceived Value, Customer Loyalty, Employee-Customer Interactions, Employee Satisfaction, Financial Services

Self-realization as a Driver of Sustainable Social Development: Balancing Individual Goals and Collective Values

2024-10-01T09:26:30+02:00

Self-realization is integral to the social aspect of sustainable development, as it enables individuals to boost mental health and personal well-being by achieving and enhancing their potential and life goals. This study explores how self-realization functions as a driver for sustainable social development in the face of adversity. The research, which involved 122 adult Ukrainians, utilized written surveys, statistical analysis, qualitative assessment, and ranking to collect data. Despite the persistent threats and crises, Ukrainians exhibit significant motivation and engagement in self-realization across various domains, including professional endeavors, family interactions, and parenting. The wartime environment has introduced new dimensions to self-realization, such as involvement in volunteering and charitable activities. Key areas of self-realization include professional and family roles, which highlight the effectiveness of personal fulfillment. Nonetheless, respondents encounter common challenges, such as procrastination, laziness, and emotional strain. The majority acknowledge the connection between their self-realization and sustainable social development, particularly its social dimensions. While self-actualization is essential for life fulfillment during the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, it necessitates targeted psychological support to tackle individual-specific challenges. Self-actualization remains a vital process for life fulfillment in wartime Ukraine, yet it requires targeted psychological support to address individual challenges.

Keywords: self-realization, personality, development, societal sustainable development, social component of societal sustainable development, adult personality, communication

Shifting Boundaries of Marketing Management in E-Commerce: A Study through TAM (Technology Acceptance Model)

2024-10-01T09:30:22+02:00

This research tries to investigate the adoption of information technology and its constituents by the customers while making decisions to buy any product from the market utilising TAM. Many political and business related changes are being made in the context of marketing management. In the past 20 years, every domain of management has seen a transformation. Text explosion and information, information, technology and advancement in transport and communication revolutionised every domain of management marketing management which was regarded as the cost for the management is now regarded and recognised at the strategic level. The marketing managers are now enjoying high status in the corporate world. Traditionally, the field of marketing management was dependent on mass media and broadcast media, but with the advent of social media and the access of Internet to almost more than 50% of the consumers in every industry has transformed the field of marketing management.

This change was recognised by many authors and researchers around the globe and there is a need to research from customers perspective that how easily consumers are adopting technology in decision making, For the assessment Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was utilised. The data was collected from (n=138) marketing managers, the data was analysed by the use of SPSS 22.0 for descriptive analysis and for regression analysis and structural modelling method was applied. The finding suggest the technology acceptance model is highly applicable to marketing activities and some of its constituents rank high when it comes to make a decision to buy any product by the customer. However Attitude of using does not have any direct impact on Intention to use.

Keywords: Marketing Managers, Status of Marketing managers, SEM, Lisrel 9.0., information technology, marketing activities.

Digital Transformation in Georgian Banking: Trends and Current Level of Adoption

2024-10-01T09:32:25+02:00

The significance of digital technologies is crucial in contemporary times. This is especially pertinent for the banking industry, enabling it to deliver high-quality customer service and address market challenges promptly. This article examines the current state of the Georgian banking system, focusing on digital services and products, and the advances banks have made in integrating innovative digital technologies. Using specific criteria, the study evaluates the level of digitization within the banking sector, identifying strengths and areas for improvement. The research also explores the digital transformation experiences of developed countries' banking sectors and considers how these could be implemented in Georgia, taking into account the unique context and challenges faced by the country. The study aims to assess the digital readiness and challenges faced by Georgia's banking sector, leading to the formulation of recommendations to speed up the digital transformation process and enhance competitiveness. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used in the research. The digital banking products and services offered by commercial banks are analyzed, with statistical conclusions derived from quantitative data, providing a comprehensive overview of the sector's digital maturity. In the end, the study evaluates the challenges and future prospects for the digital transformation of Georgia's banking system, offering strategic insights and practical solutions for policymakers and industry stakeholders.

Keywords: Georgian banking, innovation, digital transformation, mobile banking, online banking, digital payments

Towards Environmental Sustainability: Integrating RS and GIS for Ecology Assessment

2024-10-01T09:36:20+02:00

The environment provides numerous benefits for human well-being, such as ecosystem services. These services directly and indirectly depend on the physical state of the ecosystem. However, the over-exploitation of natural resources along with socio-economic factors, i.e. economic growth, poverty, agriculture expansion, population growth and weak environmental governance and regulation for fulfilling the human needs for food, fuel, and shelter, is leading to the degradation of the ecological health of an area. Therefore, monitoring and assessment of spatial and temporal changes in the ecology of a region in terms of vital ecological services is very critical and would help the decision-makers to develop and plan appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures for the conservation of natural ecosystems at various scales to ensure environmental sustainability.

The present study aimed to assess the ecological status of the Mahi Bajaj Sagar catchment area in Rajasthan (India) from the year 2000 to 2020, using remote sensing-based indices. Indicators such as greenness, dryness, and heat index have been selected as per the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework. Multi-spectral remote sensing data and image processing methods have been used to estimate these indicators, and a remote sensing-based Ecological Status Index (RSBI) has been generated by their integration using the principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the ecological status of the Mahi Bajaj Sagar catchment.

Findings from the study indicate a consistent decline in the overall ecological status of the Mahi Bajaj catchment, where decreased forest areas have a pronounced effect on ecological health. Interestingly, approximately 43.6% of the area displayed resilience to changes in ecological status; however, 36.4% of the area exhibited signs of ecological degradation.

Our study underscores the efficacy of a remote sensing-based approach in quantifying and detecting ecological changes, offering a promising methodology for monitoring and assessing the ecological health of large areas that can help promote environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Ecological Status, RSBI, Remote Sensing, PSR Framework

The impact of Sustainability Practices on Healthcare Institutions: Evidence from Public Healthcare Institutions in Saudi Arabia

2024-10-01T09:39:56+02:00

This article aims to investigate sustainable development practices in hospitals, for three primary reasons: preserving the surrounding environment, impacting sustainability through service provision, and ensuring a safe and environmentally friendly atmosphere. The study addresses the gap in understanding the dimensions and implementation of green practices, offering insights into the green hospitals model. The study figured out eight practices that reflected sustainability activities in the Saudi public hospitals, with their significant impact on sustainable development. The study used descriptive methodology with quantitative technique to collect data pertaining to the impact of green practices on sustainable development in the Saudi public hospitals. A questionnaire survey with valid responses was distributed to 118 members working in the hospitals as (doctors, nurses, and administrators) in April 2024. The PLS-SEM statistical method was used for data analysis. The results of this study revealed a positive relationship between four green transition practices and Sustainable development.

Keywords: Green practices in hospitals, sustainability, Sustainable development, public hospitals, healthcare institutions

Sustainable Behaviors of Young Polish Consumers: the Impact on Logistics and Business Strategies

2024-10-01T09:44:15+02:00

The main objective of this survey is to analyze the sustainable behavior of young Polish consumers. The specific objectives are to find out the respondents' opinions on the most disturbing environmental phenomena and actions that negatively affect the environment. In addition, an important goal is to learn about their self-assessment of pro-environmental attitudes and to identify pro-environmental actions most often taken by young consumers, as well as to assess sustainable actions taken by companies in the logistics area. The results are based on empirical research concerning sustainable behaviors of young Polish consumers in a research sample of 50 consumers. The research was conducted in April and May 2024 and covered the entire area of Poland. The survey show that respondents have a good assessment of their environmental attitude. As many as 90% of them perceive growing environmental and social problems. The most worrisome environmental issues in their view are increased garbage and waste, polluted air and water, dangerous chemicals in everyday products, and climate change-the greenhouse effect. Among the activities that have the most detrimental impact on the environment, respondents identified deforestation, improper waste management, consumerism, pollution from pesticides used in agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels. Three-quarters of respondents believe they can contribute to improving the environment with their actions, and nearly two-fifths say they are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products or products from companies that support social causes. Respondents also take a number of individual pro-environmental measures, and among them they are most likely to turn off lights, use reusable bags, segregate trash, use reusable bottles, conserve water and choose environmentally friendly forms of delivery for purchased goods. However, when making purchases, most of them do not choose products offered by companies that are actively involved in environmental activities. Up-to-date knowledge on the sustainable behavior of young consumers is particularly important for both the business and government communities, as it provides information on tailored strategies and policies that align with evolving values, ensuring competitiveness, and meeting environmental and social goals. Limitations of the study include the small sample size of the empirical study, as well as the limited nature of the survey questionnaire.

Keywords: sustainability, social responsibility, sustainable consumer, young generation consumer

Cultivating Innovative Work Behavior: Insights from HRM Practices Integration

2024-10-01T09:46:44+02:00

Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) has a prominent space in various literature, but what cultivates it remains inconsistent and fragmented. This study posits that controlled Human Resource (HR) practices can foster Innovative Work Behavior (IWB). It used Reflective Thematic Analysis (RTA) to examine from the lens of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Learning Culture (LC) theories based on the insights of 10 expert-respondents across 8 industries. The findings revealed that the organization’s support and the synergy of HR practices such as Diversity Management (DM), Work Life Balance (WLB), and Training and Development (TD) significantly succeeded to cultivate IWB while Rewards and Recognition (RR) practices failed to cultivate the desired behavior. The study also showed that championing cultural diversity and observing employees’ balanced work-family time propelled innovative behavior. Likewise, Learning Culture (LC) as enhanced by TD, DM, and WLB practices escalated the employees’ IWB. The study recommends to strategize RR practices, focusing on intrinsic rewards that are linked to IWB and to enhance TD practices for sustainable learning. It further highlights the crucial role of organizational support through HRM practices and learning culture in cultivating IWB. Since IWB is multi-factored, an investigation on other factors not addressed in this study and longitudinal research must be conducted to ensure consistent findings. The future direction of this study should also focus on external factors such as technological advancement, market competition, and regulatory environment that shall redefine the organization’s core values and consequently frame employees’ Innovative Work Behavior. This study does not only contribute to the existing body of literature, but also offers significant insights for both HR and Innovation managers in their respective practices.

Keywords: Innovative Work Behavior, HR Practices, Organizational Performance, Diversity Management, Work-Life Balance, Training and Development, Rewards and Recognition, Perceived Organizational Support (POS) Theory, Learning Culture (LC) Theory

Latvian Sports Regulation in Transition: Navigating Historical Evolution and Contemporary Development Trends

2024-10-01T09:49:51+02:00

This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricate realm of sports law and policies in Latvia, exploring the historical evolution, administrative framework, and policy landscapes that shape the country's sports sector. The text highlights Latvia's transition from the Centralized Soviet Model to a more autonomous sports system post-independence, reflecting the nation's historical context and pursuit of sporting excellence. It examines the interaction between EU regulations and internal sports governance, emphasizing the balance between market-regulating rules and legitimate sports governance. The study also discusses recent legislative amendments in response to geopolitical events that has shaken the Eastern Europe, such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine, showcasing Latvia's proactive approach to safeguarding national interests and ethical standards in sports. Furthermore, insights into the implementation of National Anti-Doping Regulations underscore Latvia's commitment to maintaining integrity in sports. The administrative framework involving various stakeholders, including governmental bodies and non-governmental organizations, is analysed to provide a holistic view of sports policy planning and stakeholder engagement in Latvia. Overall, this research sheds light on the evolving landscape of sports law in Latvia and the country's efforts to promote athletic development, fair play, and good governance in sports. The findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors and forces shaping the sports sector in the country.

Keywords: sports law and geopolitics, sports governance, sports policies, EU sports law, Latvia

Collaborative Educational Study on Traditional Medicine and Biodiversity Conservation within UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

2024-10-01T09:53:50+02:00

We investigated the potential synergies between Ayurveda and Kampo within the context of biodiversity conservation in Mt. Hakusan Biosphere Reserve, to elucidate the linkages between traditional medicinal practices and conservation efforts.

Methodology: 20 Indian students with backgrounds in Ayurveda and Nature Conservation from The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU) participated in an educational program at Mt. Hakusan Biosphere Reserve in Japan, facilitated by Kanazawa University. The program included lectures, fieldwork, and interactive sessions comparing Ayurveda with Kampo to explore connections with biodiversity conservation. Data were collected through pre- and post-program surveys to assess participants' awareness levels and perceptions, alongside qualitative methods such as participant observations.

Results: Findings indicate a significant increase in awareness about UNESCO Biosphere Reserves among participants following the educational intervention. Students perceived the program positively and expressed interest in further research within Biosphere Reserves. However, some respondents reported only marginal increases in awareness, suggesting potential areas for program improvement.

Conclusions: The study underscores the potential for cross-cultural collaboration in advancing traditional medicine and biodiversity conservation. Positive participant responses highlight the efficacy of educational programs in fostering awareness and interest in sustainable healthcare practices, with implications for future research and educational initiatives.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Kampo, Traditional Medicine, Biodiversity Conservation, Biosphere Reserve, Cross-cultural collaboration

Impacts on Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Emission Fluxes Driven by Generated Numerical-Downscaled Climate Scenarios

2024-10-01T12:04:10+02:00

The aim of this research is to analyze the local impacts (high spatial resolution) of tier 1 CMIP6 climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585) on CO2 biogenic emission fluxes after downscaled climate data over five European regions (national, regional and urban scale) for the period: 2015-2050 using numerical simulations with the WRF/Chem-VPRM tool. VPRM is the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model which is coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and Chem (Transport). Satellite data is used to derive vegetation indexes used by the VPRM model. The effect of climate is isolated using 2018 (reference year) emissions and land use over the entire simulation period and it is calculated as results of the future simulations minus present (2018). The research is part of the European DISTENDER project, who develops a methodological framework to bring together adaptation and mitigation strategies against the risks of climate change. The increase in temperature leads to higher CO2 emissions from vegetation, as the increase in temperature favors the respiration process of plants. The impacts are spatially and temporally varied and therefore each case study and scenario has its own pattern, with a strong influence on the existing vegetation and local climate

Keywords: Climate change, CO2, biogenic emissions, scenarios, downscaling

Examination of Water Use and Social Vulnerability: A Comparison of Four Communities in Alachua County, Florida

2024-10-01T12:07:44+02:00

It is projected that about 30% of the world’s major cities will face severe water stress and urban drought from 2050 if climate change continues and has the anticipated effects (Florke et al, 2018; www.wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net). Socio-economic drought, meaning water shortage in urban life, can have significant effects on a city’s inhabitants, including health and quality of life. Social and economic factors play an important role in planning and decision making of a society (Zhang et al, 2020). The analysis investigated the relationship between socio-economic factors and the use of potable water, its associated impact on aquifer recharge, and potentially identifying major factors influencing water demand and resource sustainability.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and other measures were used for evaluating socio-economic factors. However, since SVI showed weak relationship with water use in the county and the neighborhoods, other socio-economic measures were assessed. Past research had found a correlation between water use and population, GDP, per capita income, electricity usage and irrigated land areas (Alacoma et al., 2007, www.usf.uni-kassel.de/watclim). Therefore, socio economic measures such as population density, household size, per capita income, and poverty rate and irrigation (with and without) potable water were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between water use patterns and these factors across the county and in the communities. The western communities had newer development and less parcels compared to the eastern with much older construction, which impacted their water use. Oakmont with separate reclaimed irrigation meter had lesser usage on potable water. Tioga on the other hand irrigated with potable water.

Yearly SVI on a census tract level for the specific years of the study and other socio-economic measures such as population, per capita income, poverty, and household size were used in the analysis.

The analysis was performed on four communities in Alachua County, Florida; two at the west and two at the east of the county. Socio-economic measures and physical features were evaluated for communities in the four locations to evaluate whether there is a relationship between water use patterns, spatial characteristics of development such as percent impervious and runoff, and measures of SVI. Spatial and basic statistics was used for this analysis.

The western part of the county has had more intensive development in recent years compared to the eastern part of the county. The eastern communities have a high SVI and low potable water use per capita compared to the western communities. The number of households and population were the primary drivers of potable water use per census block. Percent impervious surface and runoff volume did not show any significant. relationship with a community’s SVI. At the parcel level, statistically significant differences were found between communities. For example, potable water use per parcel was lower in communities with high SVI.

Keywords: water sustainability, urban water management, social vulnerability index, socio-economic factors, potable water use, aquifer recharge, reclaimed water use, runoff, imperviousness